Spark image
Binding energy

If you take two protons and two neutrons, measure their masses, make them stick them together somehow and then measure the mass of the finished helium nucleus. You will find that the mass of the completed nucleus is less than the total mass of the four particles.

This can best be explained by looking at how easy it would be to split the nucleus again. Think of this mass difference as a difference of energy. The helium nucleus has 28.3 MeV less energy than the four particles. It means that this energy would be needed to split up the helium nucleus. This is called the binding energy of a nucleus.

Example
The mass of the nucleus of the isotope 73Li is 7.016 u.
Find its binding energy.
Mass of a proton = 1.007 273 u   Mass of a neutron = 1.008 665  Energy equivalent of 1u = 931 MeV
Protons 3x1.007 273 = 3.021 819 u
Neutrons 4x1.008 665 = 4.034 66 u
Total (3p+4n) = 7.056 479 u
Nucleur mass = 7.016 u
Mass defect = 0.040 479 u
Binding energy = 0.040 479x931 = 37.69 MeV

 
 
 
© Keith Gibbs 2011